All Toolkit Resources

Below is a list of all resources featured in the Post-Ebola Response Toolkit: 

Priorities and Lessons Learned

Reflections
West Africa

National survivor networks were established during West Africa’s 2014-2016 outbreak, and with partner support, they have grown from informal entities to official organizations. APC observed successes and faced challenges in working with these networks during the life of the program.

Reflections
Guinea

Les réseaux nationaux des survivants étaient établi pendant l'épidémie de l’Afrique de l’Ouest de 2014-2016, et avec l’appui des partenaires, ils ont grandi des groupes simples aux organisations officielles. APC a observé des succès et des défis en travaillant avec ces réseaux pendant la duration du programme.

Reflections
Guinea

The 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic primarily affected three countries, two anglophone (Liberia and Sierra Leone) and one francophone (Guinea). APC’s program succeeded in sharing documents and research findings among its three country offices and local counterparts despite the ever present language barrier. Key strategies are addressed in the document.

Reflections
Guinea

L'épidémie d’Ebola du 2014-2016 a affecté trois pays principaux, deux anglophones (le Libéria et le Sierra Leone) et un francophone (la Guinée). Le programme d’APC a réussi en partageant les document et les recherches parmi les trois bureaux pays et les parties prenantes locales, malgré la différence des langues. Les stratégies clées sont expliquées dans le document.

Reflections
Liberia

In partnership with the Liberia College of Physicians and Surgeons, a graduate medical residency program, APC strengthened specialty care services for Ebola survivors by building capacity within the health workforce. Clinical specialists trained medical students, residents, and clinicians, while also providing specialized medical care in clinical areas that disproportionately affect the EVD survivor community. This program contributed to improved patient access to specialized care, decentralized service delivery, and increased health service utilization rates.

Reflections
Liberia

In November 2016, the ETP&SS program conducted a health facility assessment to understand the overall capacity of eight pre-identified health facilities. The assessment informed the development of a comprehensive facility activity plan, which captured service delivery, capacity building, and system strengthening activities. When implemented in a participatory manner, infrastructure interventions (physical, equipment, and water supply) can enhance government ownership of the decision-making process for quality of care.

Assessment
Guinea

Le programme ETP&SS vise à atteindre l’objectif de réduire le risque de nouvelles flambées d’Ebola en Guinée en appuyant le programme national de SA-Ceint. Il faut souligner ici que l’objectif principal de la SA-Ceint est de minimiser le risque de la résurgence de la maladie à virus Ebola à travers la surveillance active en ceinture des guéris d'Ebola soutenue par les communautés locales dans lesquelles vivent les guéris d’Ebola.

Report
Guinea

L’épidémie de la maladie à virus Ebola qui a frappé la Guinée en 2014-2015 a été une crise qui avait gravement menacé le système de santé et l’économie du pays. Cette épidémie a été à la base de l’émergence de plusieurs problèmes médicaux, psychosociaux, socio-économiques et professionnels dans le pays.

Stories and Interventions

Video
Liberia

Survivors of the Ebola outbreak suffer disproportionately from post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and other mental health issues. Dr. Muron, a trainer at the Phebe School of Nursing Rural Training Institute, conducts a class to educate midlevel health workers on how the Ebola outbreak has contributed to mental health issues in Liberia and how they can help respond to improve the lives of their patients. To help the communities recover from the devastating impact of the outbreak, APC has supported mental health training and mentoring of mid-level health workers.

Video
Liberia

Video describing the ETP&SS cataract surgery program that helped survivors regain their sight. The program also helped researchers find out more about viral persistence of the Ebola virus. Testimonies from Ebola survivors, doctors, and nurses.

Video
Guinea

Every week, Ebola survivors come together with health workers and other community members in Guinea's hard-hit Kindia Region. They are part of the district’s sentinel site committee, which monitors the health and well-being of the area’s Ebola survivors. To prevent a resurgence of Ebola, APC helped establish 60 sentinel sites across Guinea, which enable the Ministry of Health to monitor illnesses in the Ebola survivor community and beyond. The sentinel sites allow for early detection and rapid response in the event of a suspected case.

Video
Guinea

Guinea’s fragile health system was deeply affected by the Ebola outbreak, which exposed the need for basic infrastructure improvements. At the bustling Ignace Deen Hospital in Conakry, APC renovated restrooms, crumbling staircases, walls, and ceilings, making it a safer, more hygienic, and more welcoming environment for patients. With these improvements, the hospital can now practice infection prevention and control and provide better care for Ebola survivors and the general population.

Video
Liberia

Dr. Senga Omeonga, himself an Ebola survivor working at St. Joseph’s Catholic Hospital in Monrovia, treats some of the country’s many Ebola survivors. APC supports two private faith-based hospitals, St. Joseph’s Catholic Hospital and Eternal Love Winning Africa (ELWA) Hospital, to provide primary and secondary health services for Ebola survivors. To get survivors connected with specialty services, APC has helped improve referral pathways within the country’s public health system.

Video
Liberia

Naomi, an Ebola survivor, is a member of the Montserrado county chapter of the National Ebola Survivors’ Network of Liberia (NESNL). She is one of many survivors who are finding hope by empowering fellow survivors to help improve their lives. APC has supported the growth of the Network to empower survivors and enable them to regain their health and become fully integrated with their communities.

Video
Guinea

Dr. Mamadou Oury Diallo, President of Guinea’s national network of Ebola survivor associations, Réseau National des Associations de Survivants d’Ebola de Guinée (RENASEG), is an Ebola survivor himself. Dr. Diallo gave up his job as a surgeon to lead the organization and help fellow survivors, who were shunned by their communities and left unemployed after recovering from Ebola. APC and International Medical Corps worked with RENASEG to develop leadership skills and organizational structures of the 23 member associations that represent Ebola survivors in Guinea.

Brief
Sierra Leone

This brief includes background, interventions, and results of APC’s support to the Sierra Leone Association of Ebola Survivors (SLAES). Based on a needs and capacity assessment conducted jointly by APC and PIH in December 2016, the project identified six priority areas for organizational capacity building.

Brief
Guinea

Guinea’s health system was severely impacted by the Ebola epidemic. Learn more about the health facility assessment and project interventions implemented by the ETP&SS program to help strengthen the health system.

Brief
Guinea

To prevent future EVD outbreaks through early detection and rapid response, APC and its grantee, International Medical Corps, supported the MOH of Guinea in creating an early warning system using a targeted sentinel site surveillance model. The surveillance program was designed to detect any increase in fevers or other symptoms in both Ebola survivors and their immediate contacts.

Brief
Guinea

Pour prévenir d’éventuelles épidémies de MVE grâce à une détection précoce et une riposte rapide, l’APC et le titulaire de la subvention, l’International Medical Corps, ont aidé le Ministère guinéen de la santé à créer un système d’alerte précoce utilisant un programme ciblé de surveillance des sites sentinelles. Le programme de surveillance vise à détecter toute montée de fièvre et d’autres symptômes ou maladies chez les survivants d’Ébola et leurs contacts immédiats.

Capacity Building for Ebola Survivor Associations Leads to Job Opportunities
Success Story
Guinea

This short story highlights the work that Guinea’s national Ebola survivor network, RENASEG, has accomplished with its 24 member organizations. The network’s vice president, Seny Yvonne Loua, explains what her group has done to help create jobs for Ebola survivors.

Success Story
Sierra Leone

Success story describing the work of two mental health nurses, Sahr Mortatay Momoh, who runs the Western Area Rural District Mental Health Unit at the China-Sierra Leone Friendship Hospital, and Mohamed James Koroma, Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH) Nurse in the country’s only pediatric mental health clinic.

News Article
Liberia

Colleagues at Emory University Eye Center provided care and performed complex cataract surgery on Ebola survivors, including children, in Sierra Leone in July 2017.

Video
Sierra Leone

M’balu Kamara is the Officer-in-Charge at Magbafth Maternal Child Health Post (MCHP) in Tonkolili district. She survived Ebola and came back to her health clinic, motivated to care for patients. With support from Advancing Partners, M’balu’s health facility is now able to serve its community better. The facility now meets infection prevention and control standards, which was made possible through facility renovation, installation of solar power, borehole drilling with a water tower to ensure 24/7 access to water, and through training and mentorship for health workers through the CTO.

Video
Sierra Leone

Ebola survivors are often in need of specialty health services that cannot be provided at the local level. Nandy Fofana is a Referral Coordinator (RC) in Port Loko district. Nandy works with local health facilities to ensure that patients who need a higher level of care can be referred quickly. As part of the Sierra Leonean Government’s Comprehensive Program for Ebola Survivors (CPES), Advancing Partners has trained and mentored 18 RCs across the country to facilitate incoming and outgoing referrals at secondary and tertiary level of care facilities. They provide a critical link between primary care facilities and the more specialized levels of care within the health system.

Video
Sierra Leone

Glenna Beckley, Finance Officer of the Sierra Leone Association of Ebola Survivors (SLAES), joined SLAES to advocate for the needs of Ebola survivors like herself as many survivors lost their employment because of health issues and stigmatization. With help from Advancing Partners and Partners in Health, SLAES offers survivor-to-survivor support groups and adult literacy classes that can help survivors regain their livelihoods in the aftermath of Ebola.

Tools and Training Materials

Training Curriculum
Global

Developed originally by WHO, this is an evidence-based, clinical guide for the assessment and management of mental, and neurological disorders in non-specialized health settings. It includes an overview guide, as well as selected presentation modules on essential care and practice, depression, psychoses, epilepsy, and self-harm/suicide. Each training module takes three days to complete in a classroom setting.

Assessment Tool
Global

The Organizational Capacity Assessment (OCA) tool is designed to measure the overall capacity of an organization. It assesses capability in five key areas: governance, organizational management, program management, human resources management, and financial management. The results are compiled into an agreed-upon action plan that maps priority areas and actions that the organization will take to address problems and gaps.

Assessment Tool
Global

L'Évaluation de la Capacité Organisationnelle (OCA) est un outil dont le but est d’évaluer la capacité d’une organisation. Il mesure les capabilités dans cinq domaines clés: gouvernance, gestion organisationnelle, gestion du programme, gestion des ressources humaines, et gestion financière.  Le résultat est un plan d’action accordé par tous qui planifie les domaines prioritaires et les actions que l’organisation doit prendre pour adresser les problèmes et les écarts.

Assessment Tool
Liberia

These tools are intended to supplement the above training and be used at health centers where EVD survivors are being treated. Tools include assessments for county or district health teams and clinicians, as well as a patient exit interview template and materials checklist.

Training Guide
West Africa

A worksheet adapted from PATH’s training entitled Stronger Health Advocates, Greater Health Impacts to help organizations determine how to define their goals and objectives.

Training Guide
West Africa

A worksheet adapted from PATH’s training entitled Stronger Health Advocates, Greater Health Impacts to help organizations determine which activities will be most helpful to furthering their advocacy strategy.

Training Guide
West Africa

A worksheet adapted from PATH’s training entitled Stronger Health Advocates, Greater Health Impacts with templates for developing advocacy objectives and an advocacy work plan.

Assessment Tool
Liberia

This tool is designed to measure staff capacity, infrastructure capacity, and equipment capacity in a limited resources health facility. The results from the assessment inform the type and level of support an implementing partner might provide to health facilities. In this case, the aim of the support provided was to improve the quality of medical services for Ebola survivors. As such, priority was placed on improving areas most pertinent to survivor needs.

Job Aid
Sierra Leone

This brief guide describes how to approach someone who may be experiencing a mental health problem. It is based on the principles of “look, listen, and link.” It also provides ethical “do’s and don’ts” to avoid causing any further harm, provide the best care possible, and act only in the person’s best interest.

Job Aid
Sierra Leone

This job aid provides basic, visual information for community health workers (CHWs) in Sierra Leone when assessing who qualifies for free care under the government’s program. It also demonstrates common health problems among Ebola survivors and basic mental health information.

Job Aid
Sierra Leone

This one-page poster provides a framework for assessing whether someone has basic symptoms of emotional distress, and what to do in each of several scenarios.

National Guidelines and Policies

Policy
Guinea

Guinea’s national policy on surveillance of its Ebola survivors, January 2016 through July 2018.

Brochure
Sierra Leone

Informational brochure for Ebola survivors about the risks of transmission of Ebola through semen and other body fluids, based on WHO, NIH, and other research findings. Also includes information on how to access semen testing programs.

Related Journal Article(s)

Journal Article
Liberia
Ling EJ, Larson E, Macauley RJ, Kodl Y, VanDeBogert B, Baawo S, Kruk ME. Health Policy and Planning. 2017 Nov 1;32(suppl_3):iii40-iii47.

Harvard School of Public Health, JSI, and the Liberia MOH conducted interviews with 108 respondents to EVD in Liberia. They found that resilience improved more when prioritized by global and national actors compared to community leaders and local health actors. They concluded that full resilience has not yet been achieved and will take sustained collaboration across these sectors.

Journal Article
Sierra Leone
Tiffany A, Vetter P, Mattia J, Dayer JA, Bartsch M, Kasztura M, Sterk E, Tijerino AM, Kaiser L, Ciglenecki I. Clinical Infectious Diseases. (June 2016), 62(11):1360-1366.

This article examines records from 1001 consultations from 166 patients between February and June 2015. Most frequent complications were arthralgia, fatigue, abdominal pain, headache, anemia, skin disorders, back pain, and alopecia. Ocular complications in 94 survivors (uveitis the most common)—redness in eyes during acute illness, was a predictor for development of uveitis.

Journal Article
Liberia
Shantha JG, Crozier I, Hayek BR, Bruce BB, Gargu C, Brown J, Fankhauser J, Yeh S. Ophthalmology. (February 2017), 124(2):170-177.

This article evaluates EVD survivors at a clinic in Monrovia for eye exam findings. Twenty-one of the 96 examined survivors developed EVD-associated uveitis, and three developed optic neuropathy. Recommends mobilization of eye care resources for survivors.

Journal Article
Guinea
Hereth-Hebert E, Bah MO, Etard JF, Sow MS, Resnikoff S, Fardeau C, Toure A, Ouendeno AN, Sagno IC, March L, Izard S, Lama PL, Barry M, Delaporte E; Postebogui Study Group. American Journal of Ophthalmology. (March 2017), 175:114-121.

This article follows 341 patients for a year after being in the hospital for EVD. Of these, there were 46 cases of uveitis, six of episcleritis, and three of interstitial keratitis. Uveitis relapses were found as late as 13 months after a negative test for EV in the blood.

Journal Article
Shantha JG, Crozier I, Yeh S. Current Opinions on Ophthalmology. (November 2017), 28(6):600-606.

This article summarizes ophthalmic manifestations of EVD from a cohort of survivors. Uveitis was the most common finding, as well as complications including cataract, retinal scarring, optic neuropathy, hypotony, and phthisis bulbi due to viral persistence, which can lead to vision loss.

Journal Article
Sierra Leone
Kamara S, Walder A, Duncan J, Kabbedijk A, Hughes P, Muana A. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. (December 2017), 95(12):842-847.

This article examines psychiatric practices during the outbreak in Sierra Leone. The article suggests that a nurse-led approach without specialists can be successful, and describes collaboration among health professionals in “wellness workshops.”

Journal Article
Gross M. Current Biology. (January 2018) 28(2): R51-R54.

his article identifies remaining scientific questions in research surrounding improved understanding, treatment and prevention of Ebola.

Journal Article
Stehling-Ariza T, Lefevre A, Calles D, Djawe K, Garfield R, Gerber M, Ghiselli M, Giese C, Greiner AL, Hoffman A, Miller LA, Moorhouse L, Navarro-Colorado C, Walsh J, Bugli D, Shahpar C. Emerging Infectious Diseases. (December 2017), 23(13).

This article outlines the Global Rapid Response Team (GRRT) program, including recent response missions and roles in global health security. The article outlines how it can be used as a model for other countries to strengthen response systems.

Journal Article
West Africa
Undurraga EA, Carias C, Meltzer MI, Kahn EB. Infectious Diseases of Poverty. (December 2017), 6(1):159.

This article provides an estimate of cases of Ebola that would have occurred had the disease spread beyond West Africa countries. With that in mind, it emphasizes the need for improved preparedness in global health security. It encourages increases in health personnel, bolstering of care facilities, developing lab capacity, and improving surveillance.

Journal Article
Hoffman SJ, Silverberg SL. American Journal of Public Health. (March 2018), 108(3):329-333.

This article evaluates seven hypotheses about influence on lengths of delays between the start of an outbreak and response. It concludes that response is quicker with novel outbreaks, when the timing does not coincide with holidays, and when U.S. citizens are infected.

Journal Article
Global
Toppenberg-Pejcic D, Noyes J, Allen T, Alexander N, Vanderford M, Gamhewage G. Health Communications. (March 2018), 20:1-19.

This article evaluates the role of community engagement, trust building, and social media in risk communication during health emergencies. Results emphasize the importance of disseminating information through local communities, and that social media should not be viewed as a replacement for traditional communication channels.

Journal Article
West Africa
Gomez-Barroso D, Velasco E, Varela C, Leon I, Cano R. Geospatial Health. (November 2017), 12(2):552.

This article examines the travel of EVD through a road density index between the three countries. It finds that the density of the road network does influence incidence of Ebola and suggests a more exhaustive mapping of the area for management of future outbreaks.

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